Beating Broke

Personal Finance from the Broke Perspective

Are Personal Loans a Scam?

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Consideration provided by Compare the Market

One of the reasons that I dislike payday loans so very much is because of the terribly high interest rates that the payday loan companies get away with charging.  Couple that with the high fees, and it doesn’t take a genius to see why most people who know anything about personal finance will agree with the “parasitic lending” tag that I throw at them.  By comparison, a personal loan isn’t much better.  Or is it?

Personal loans have some of the same high interest rates, after all.  Aren’t they just another way for the dastardly financial institutions to charge high rates, and rake in the high profits?  Well, yes and no.  Yes, they do charge high interest rates for personal loans, but there’s a very valid reason for that.  And, as a generality, the rates are not as high as those charged for the payday loans.  So, why do institutions charge higher rates for personal loans?  The answer is in the guarantee.

Guarantee?  What the heck am I talking about?  In a typical consumer loan, you’re buying something.  Instead of a personal loan, you get an auto loan, a mortgage, or a recreational vehicle loan.  In exchange for the loan money, the lender gets a claim on the title of the thing being bought.  If you default on the loan, the lender can repossess the car, house, or ATV that you bought with the money.  Because they have that collateral, the risk of losing money on the loan is decreased, and they can afford to give you a lower rate because of that decrease.

February 5, 2010 - PaperworkA personal loan, has no such collateral.  The only guarantee that you will pay the loan back is your signature.  Coincidentally, that’s why they will sometimes be called “signature loans”.  Because the lender cannot repossess your signature, the risk of default is raised.  And, because it is raised, they charge higher interest rates.

At this point, you’re probably asking yourself, “What’s the difference between a personal loan and a payday loan, then?”  Truthfully, there is very little different.  The one difference, and it’s one that makes a big difference, is that a personal loan is usually issued by a financial institution like a bank or credit union, whereas a payday loan is issued by that shady pawn shop across the street.  And, as a general rule, banks and credit unions are a bit more upstanding than the pawn shop.  In most cases, they have a good reason to treat you fairly.  They want your business.  Not just your next loan, but your savings too.  If they treat you poorly and charge outrageous rates, you’re likely to find somewhere else to put your money.  That pawn shop could care less.

Another difference, that bears mentioning, is that banks and credit unions will usually require that you have a good to excellent credit rating before giving you a personal loan.  For obvious reasons.  The risk is already higher without collateral, so they don’t want to risk their money lending it to people who have sub-average credit scores.  The pawn shop could care less.

Have you ever borrowed a personal loan from a bank or credit union?  From the pawn shop?

photo credit: nerdcoregirl

Lending Club Returns Update

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As I mentioned before, I’ve been taking the normal 10% contribution amount that most would be putting into their retirement accounts and splitting it between my lending club account, and a sharebuilder account.  It’s been a bit of an experiment.  I happen to think that lending club is a relatively safe investment option for a portion of your portfolio.  I’ve still got my 401(k) from my old job, so the investments that I’ve made at lending club and in the sharebuilder account don’t even really make up 5% of my total investments.  In short, I can afford to get a bit risky with the money.  So far, it’s been anything but risky, however.  I’ll update on the sharebuilder account in another post.  Let’s take a look at what my lending club account has done.

To date, my investments look a little like this:

  • Total loans invested in: 24
  • Total loans paid off:5
  • Total loans defaulted: 0

Lending Club Net Annualized ReturnWith only 24 loans, it could be that I’ve just been lucky thus far.  I’ve had a couple of the loans go past due by 10-15 days, but nothing that hasn’t been caught up and made current.  And no defaults.  As I continue, I expect that I’ll see one or two.  With all the doom and gloom about the economy recently, I fully expected to see one already.

To date, I’ve deposited $257.20 into the account.  That includes money from before this experiment started, so it’s not all recent.  With that 257.20, I’ve invested in $511.36 in loans.  The math savvy of you will notice that the invested amount is quite a bit more than the deposited amount.  That just means that the money has turned over almost 100% since being invested.  The more recent money, which accounts for about 50% of the account hasn’t had a chance to turn over yet, or that number might be higher.  My total income, minus fees, is $36.26.

My portfolio breaks down like this:

  • 39% of the loans are D grade
  • 25% of the loans are B grade
  • 15% of the loans are C grade
  • 9% of the loans are F grade
  • 7% of the loans are E grade
  • 4% of the loans are A grade

As you can see, I’ve gone a bit riskier and weighted the portfolio towards the higher grades, but is still heavily centered around the C/C+ grade.  (Read this to see how I select loans)That keeps my return a bit higher, while also keeping the risk a bit lower.  Speaking of return, what is mine?

According to lending club, my net annualized return is 12.82%.

I like that.  It’s far better than any bank or credit union is going to pay me for my money.  To get that, I give up the liquidity of the money (I’d have to sell my notes to get the cash), and I give up some of the stability of the money (it’s riskier than a savings account or CD).  Because this isn’t my emergency fund, or normal savings, I’m ok with giving up both of those things, in exchange for an above average return.

Do you invest with peer-to-peer lending?  Do you use Prosper? Lending Club? Both?  How’s your return?

Yes, Peer-to-Peer Lending is Risky, But Not Cursed

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After my last two posts, and then this one, you must be beginning to think that this is P2P lending week here at Beating Broke.  I hadn’t intended it to be this way, but it just seems like that  is what’s on the brain and it’s getting a bit of buzz lately too.

Jim, from Bargaineering, wrote an article today about how risky peer-to-peer lending can be.  I completely agree.   But, he also made it sound like he thought that they should be avoided altogether.   And that I disagree with.

P2P lending is risky.  It’s just as risky as bank lending is for banks.  And look at the mess they found themselves in not too long ago.  But, as P2P lenders, we can learn a lesson from that.  First, you shouldn’t be investing your nest egg in anything this risky.  Once again, diversification is the key.  On a scale of risk, P2P lending lands somewhere on the risky side of stocks.  So, if you properly diversify, P2P should probably only make up about 2-5% of your portfolio. Also, the banks lent out way too much of their portfolios to way too many people that they really shouldn’t have.  If you’re careful about who you lend to, you should be able to significantly reduce the risk.  What that means is that you probably won’t be lending to to many people who will be paying 20% on their loans, and will be lending to more people who are paying in the 4-7% range.  That’s OK.

Why any at all?  Because the returns can be pretty good.  Depending on the model you take, your return can be in the 5% range.  The riskier loans you lend to, the higher the potential return.  Some of them are in the 20% range.   Of course, the caveat there is that those are also the most risky loans and the most likely to default.  And, much like in the banking world, if a borrower defaults on a loan, you will lose money.  You might manage to recover some of the money through collections, but it will only be a percent of what you lent out.

My advice?  (not that it’s worth much) Be cautious.  Don’t lend more than you can stand to lose, and keep the ratio of P2P investing pretty low in your diversified portfolio.  Do your research.  Lending to some 24 year old who is using the money to finance a class on real estate investing is probably not the best idea.  Chances are, that loan is headed for default.  On the other hand, lending to a mother/father of 3 who is going to use the money as a down payment on a house could be a safer loan.  In the comments of Jim’s post, he mentions that he doesn’t invest in anything that he doesn’t understand.  He doesn’t invest in options or futures because he doesn’t understand them either.  That’s a very valid point, but I think it really boils down to how much information you want.

I think if Jim wanted to, he could find all the information he wanted to learn how to use option and futures investing.  (note: I don’t understand them either and don’t invest in them.)  P2P lending is a bit of a different cookie though.  The bones of it are simple.  One person is lending money to another person.  In essence, as a lender, you are the bank.  Using the available data, you review the loan applications and decide on which ones have the least risk of default.  If you feel like taking on some riskier loans, you decide how risky and modify your acceptance practices to reflect.  Is there more to it than that?  Of course.  But, if you keep your wits and only dabble a little while you’re learning the ropes, you can learn all of the intricacies from trial and error while not losing your shirt.

As with anything, there is risk involved.  P2P lending has much more than most investing models.  If you are adverse to risk, you really should probably avoid it.  If not, get your feet wet.  And per the usual disclaimer, seek the advice of a professional before making any major decisions.

Update: It seems the original story that spawned all of this (here at The Big Money) caused a bit of a stir at Prosper.com headquarters.  They’re asking for a retraction and refuted the article with some of their own facts.