Beating Broke

Personal Finance from the Broke Perspective

How to Freeze Your Family’s Credit

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How to Freeze Your Family's Credit

About 15 years ago, I discovered someone had opened an account in my name and charged $1000. Luckily, I caught the fraud early, and the business where the theft occurred gave me my money back. However, that experience spooked me, so I froze my and my husband’s credit within days. At the time, parents could not freeze minor children’s credit, but that has since changed. Just recently, I started the process of freezing my younger children’s credit. If you’d like to do the same, here’s how to freeze your family’s credit.

The Drawbacks of Freezing Your Credit

My husband and I love that our credit is frozen because we feel less vulnerable to identity theft. However, there are a few drawbacks to this peace of mind.

You Must Thaw Your Credit in Advance If Applying for Credit

Recently, we bought a new house. The mortgage broker needed access to our credit scores and history, so I had to thaw our credit for all three credit bureaus. This takes me about 30 minutes each time I have to do this.

You Can’t Apply for Credit Spontaneously

Likewise, if you’re in a store and the clerk offers you a discount if you apply for the store’s credit, you won’t be able to because you have to thaw your credit first. But, again, I don’t consider this a drawback because it helps me avoid spontaneously signing up for credit, but some people feel boxed in by having frozen credit.

Limitations of Freezing Your Credit

While a credit freeze prevents thieves from opening new accounts in your name, it does not stop credit theft entirely. For example, within the last five years, my credit company has notified me three times that someone had fraudulently tried to charge something on my card. Luckily, each time the credit card company caught the theft and issued me a new card. However, in instances like this, my credit freeze did nothing to protect my existing lines of credit that I legitimately opened years ago.

How to Freeze Your Credit

Freezing your credit is simple. You can choose to call each credit bureau or complete an online form. Online is the easiest and fastest. You’ll need to give your name, address, and social security number. You’ll also need to answer some personally identifying information such as former addresses and counties you have lived in. This will allow you to set up an online account with each bureau so you can freeze and thaw your credit.

You can also choose to freeze your credit by mail, but this is the least efficient way and takes two to three weeks.

How to Thaw Your Credit

If you want to thaw your credit over the phone, you’ll need to use the PIN that the credit bureau gave you when you froze your credit.

If you want to thaw it online, log into your account with the credit bureau. A PIN is not required. Then you choose whether you want to temporarily or permanently remove your credit freeze. If you remove it temporarily, you can enter the date you want the thaw to begin and the date you want it to end.

Some credit bureaus used to charge a fee to thaw your credit, but, thankfully, now each of the three credit bureaus offers this service for free.

Why Should You Freeze Your Minor’s Credit?

Your child’s credit is a blank slate for a criminal. Because your child is too young to open credit, you will likely never check to see if their identity has been stolen. Unfortunately, this means criminals can open up a line of credit in your child’s name and have it for YEARS before your child first applies for credit or you check their credit for theft.

Furthermore, unscrupulous relatives can also steal your child’s identity. There have even been cases of parents using their child’s identity and opening lines of credit in the child’s name.

How to Freeze Your Minor’s Credit

How to Freeze Your Family's Credit

Freezing your minor’s credit is more complicated than freezing your credit.

You must freeze your credit at the three credit bureaus, just like adults do. However, to freeze your child’s credit, you must establish both your child’s identity and yours as the child’s parent. You will need to send copies of the following documents to the credit bureaus:

  • Your driver’s license (or other government-issued ID),
  • Your birth certificate,
  • Your child’s birth certificate,
  • Your social security card,
  • Your child’s social security card,
  • A utility bill with your name and address on it

In addition, you’ll need to complete and send in the Minor Freeze Request form from Equifax and Experian. Transunion requires you to complete the Child Identity Theft Inquiry and send in the necessary documentation.

If your child does not have a credit report (which is what you want since it means no one has opened credit in their name), the credit bureau will first need to open a file on your child. Then, the bureau freezes the child’s account. This process can take 10 to 15 days or longer before the freeze takes effect.

When Can a Minor Control Their Credit Freeze?

When minors are 16 or older, they can decide to leave their credit freeze in place, temporarily thaw it, or permanently remove it.

Final Thoughts

Freezing your family’s credit may seem over the top or paranoid, but it’s not. With our increasingly online data-driven culture, our personal information is on many online sites. As the news reminds us, these sites are regularly hacked allowing thieves to sell and use our personal information to their advantage. A credit freeze on each family member’s credit bureau file helps protect them from identity theft and the nightmare that comes from trying to prove you are not the one who ran up thousands of dollars on credit.

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Help Your College Student By Adding Them as an Authorized User to Your Credit Card

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I got my first credit card when I was in college.  At first I was responsible, but then I began to charge more than I could afford on my meager student salary.  I still remember the first purchase I made on my credit card that I knew I could not pay off immediately—a $37 tennis racket because my friend and I wanted to play tennis that summer.

Unfortunately, that lead to a habit of over charging because I had very little income coming in.  My experience is not unique.  Approximately 90% of undergraduate and graduate students who have credit cards carry a balance each month (Debt.org).

Boost a Student's Credit Score
Boost Student’s Credit Score

If you’d like to help your teen or college student develop a responsible credit pattern as well as a good credit score, the secret may not be to get him his own credit card, but instead to make him an authorized user on your account.

As an authorized user, she’ll be able to use your card.  You can either pay what she charges or have her pay what she charges.  In addition, you’ll be able to keep an eye on her purchases and make sure she is using her privileges responsibly.  This can get her into the habit of responsible credit card use so she can avoid debt in the future when she has her own card.

A Few Caveats

Before you pursue putting your child on your account as an authorized user, you’ll want to cover a few bases:

Have a Strong Credit Score

If you add your child as an authorized user to your account, she will “inherit” your credit score.  If you have a high credit score (generally 700 or above), you will be giving your child quite a gift.  With a high credit score, when she finishes college, she’ll more easily be able to rent an apartment and get her own credit card later in life.

If your credit score is low, you’ll be saddling her with an obstacle to overcome.  It’s better for her to have no credit score than to inherit your low credit score.

Choose a Card that Reports Authorized Users to the Credit Bureaus

Not all credit cards report authorized users to the credit bureaus, which means your child won’t get your credit score.  In general, the major credit cards do, while credit unions may not.  To be sure before you add your child, confirm with the credit card company that they will report authorized users.

Only Do This With Responsible Children

Since you are ultimately required to pay any expenses put on your credit card by your child, only put a child who is financially responsible on your card as an authorized user.  If your child has been irresponsible financially in the past, there is no use in tempting him with your line of credit.

See If There Is a Fee for Authorized Users

Finally, keep in mind that some credit cards charge a fee to add an authorized user.  You’ll want to verify this is not the case for your particular card before you add your child.

If you’d like to help your child develop financial maturity and secure a good credit score, consider adding him as an authorized user.

Have you added a child as an authorized user or were you added as one?  If so, what was your experience?  Would you recommend doing this?

 

5 Ways a Better Credit Score Leads to Better Finances

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BookkeepingEverybody knows that you want to have the best credit score you can.  Why?  Because the better your credit score, the better the rates you can get on your loans, of course!  But, did you know that there are other reasons to try and improve your credit score?  In fact, here’s five ways that having a better credit score can lead to better finances.

  1. More money.  This is the obvious one.  A better credit score leads to better rates on loans (see above), and better rates lead to less interest paid over the life of the loan.  And less interest paid leads to…  (wait for it) a  better bank balance!
  2. Better rentals.  It’s a sad fact that many landlords are doing credit checks on prospective tenants these days.  They’ve got assets to protect, so it’s a smart move for them, but the fact that there are so many landlords out there getting burned that it’s become necessary is sad.  But, having a good credit score can help make sure you don’t get turned down for that great apartment down by the beach!
  3. Quicker payoff.  This one goes really closely with the first point.  With those lower rates, and lessened interest also comes the ability to pay the loan off quicker.  And, of course, a quicker payoff means a much better financial situation.  Especially if you avoid any new loans afterward.
  4. Any loan you like.  If you must loan money, at least do it smartly.  With the current state of affairs, you can’t just walk in and get a loan that has a pulse as it’s only requirement.  In fact, many banks and credit unions are cutting way back on their sub-prime lending for anything.  (P.S. the term “sub-prime” doesn’t just apply to mortgage loans) If you have poor credit, it’s much more likely, today, that you’ll get turned down for a loan altogether.  Better credit means that if you really need a loan, you probably can have one.
  5. Less fees.  We all hate fees.  Well, all of us except the financial institutions.  A growing number of them are making a growing amount of their revenues from fees.  And many have moved to an account structure that is based off of risk.  And risk is determined by credit score.  A lower credit score could mean an account with higher fees, or with monthly fees that some accounts might not have, while a higher credit score might qualify you for a different account without those fees.

So, you see, having a good credit score can really send your finances in the right direction.  And, having a bad credit score can really send them into the dumps in a hurry too!  Unless you’re very dedicated to the extreme frugaler lifestyle, and never plan on really using money, it still pays to have a good credit score.  It doesn’t take much to build it, and you might be glad you did someday.

photo credit: o5com