Beating Broke

Personal Finance from the Broke Perspective

Is CD Laddering Worth the Trouble?

By 11 Comments

I’ve been thinking about this for quite some time, but today’s post from DoughRoller with A Dead Simple Alternative to CD Laddering was the icing on the proverbial cake.  And I think that DoughRoller is right.  Or at least, what DR says is in line with what I’ve been thinking too.

Here’s the basics.  A CD Ladder typically is made of several 1 YR  CD’s whose maturity dates has been staggered such that a new one is maturing about every 3 months or so.  Depending on the variation, some may even have one maturing every month.  It’s all in how you stagger the CDs.  Because you have them staggered, your money is never completely locked away and you can always get to some of it every month or three months.  So, any non-emergency expenditure can be planned for and the money from the most recent maturing CD can be used to pay for the expenditure.  At some point, you replace the CD and all is back to where it was.

My problem with all of that is that if you split $10,000 over 4 CDs, you get 4 $2500 CDs.  If you split it over 12, you get 12 $833 CDs.  That’s great, but what if you need to spend more than that?  You have to cash more than one CD.  Or you have to wait even longer until more of the money is freed up.  It’s not a catastrophe.  But it’s inconvenient.  On top of all that, you’ll likely pay a penalty on any extra CDs that you decide to cash out.  Again, not a catastrophe.

The solution, as DR and I see it, is to take that $10,000 and dump it into a long term CD.  Say a 5 year CD.  Yes, if you need the money before that 5 years is up, you will still pay a penalty.  But, the penalty is generally something like 3 months interest.  So, as long as you’ve held the CD for longer than 3 months, the worst you can do is break even.  If you cash it out in less than 3 months, you either didn’t plan well in the first place or you really have an emergency and you probably won’t notice a few months interest.  The main advantage of this method is that all of your money is available to you at all times.  A secondary, but nearly as important advantage, is that the long term CDs generally pay higher interest.  So, if you leave the money for the full 5 years, you will have made significantly more interest than you would have with 4-12 1 YR CDs.

Rate examples (as of March 31, 2010)

  • ING Direct: 1YR CD = 1%, 5 YR CD = 1.25%
  • HSBC Advance: 1 YR CD = 0.40%, 4* YR CD =1.70%
  • Ally: 1 YR CD = 1.54%, 5 YR CD = 2.99%

As you can see, there are some pretty significant differences in rates between a 1 year CD and a 5 year CD.  Ally only has a 60 day early withdrawal penalty.  HSBC only has a 30 day penalty.  ING has, by far, the worst penalties for early withdrawal.  Any CD over 12 months term will incur a 6 month penalty and any CD 12 months and under will incur a 3 month penalty. Looks like Ally is the place to go.

I think the strongest point for this type of CD investing is that I don’t like losing that extra interest because of a “maybe”.  Yes,  “maybe” I’ll need that money before that 5 years is up.  But, I may not need it at all.  And if that’s the case, I’d rather be earning the higher rate.  And if that “maybe” comes around?  Well, hopefully I’ll have had the CD long enough to override any penalty that comes with that.  At worst, with those examples above, I would only need to hold the CD for 6 months before it would be an even transaction.  Sure, I lose that interest.  But, again, that’s only a “maybe”.

Avoiding Reactive Personal Finance

By 8 Comments

Just what is reactive personal finance?  It’s the management of your personal finance in reaction to events or situations as opposed to the management of personal finance in anticipation of events or situations.

The best example of this is a budget.  A budget is built and held to in anticipation of events in your financial life.  You know that things like your electric bill and water bill are going to be coming and roughly how much they  will be.  That allows you to budget for them and set aside money to pay for them with.  A budget is a great tool in avoiding reactive personal finance.

Why do we need to avoid reactive personal finance?  Because reactive personal finance is disruptive.  You are managing and spending your money in reaction to the events that are happening.  Doing so can cause you to quickly lose control of your finances and find yourself in a downward spiral of poor management choices and, eventually, it can lead to you being broke.

Some examples of events that can cause you to become reactive.  Medical emergencies, blown tires, unexpected social events, and even bills that are larger than they normally are.  Any thing that is unexpected can cause you to spend in a reactive manner.  And when you have events like that, it can often lead to larger problems, like overspending on luxury items to make you feel better.

How do you avoid reactive personal finance?  No plan is foolproof, so it’s not really completely possible.  However, you can make the odds of it happening be cut drastically.  How?  An emergency fund and a bit of willpower.  The emergency fund will give you the available spending power to cover any emergencies that would normally make you spend in a reactive manner.  Instead of trying to react and borrow from somewhere else to pay for the emergency, you can just pay from the emergency fund and not need to react any further.  The willpower comes in where the spending opportunity isn’t an emergency.  You have to have the willpower to avoid last minute and spontaneous spending that could drain your funds and cause you to become reactive when you no longer have the money to pay bills or buy necessities.

The best laid plans often go askew.  But, building an emergency fund and strengthening your resolve can go miles towards avoiding reactive finance and potential disaster.

Realized Benefits of Emergency Funds

By 2 Comments

Here and on other PF blogs, you’ll hear us all talking about the need for a well stocked emergency fund.  And, unless you have one, you likely don’t know that we aren’t just saying that because we think we should.  They really do have the benefits that we claim they do.  These last couple of weeks, my wife and I realized those benefits.

Early on March 26th, my then pregnant wife told me that I should probably stay home from work as it was appearing very likely that we would be having a baby that day.  Less than two hours later, we were checking in to the hospital to do just that.  If you’ve been there, I don’t have to tell you that it was incredibly exciting.

The excitement waned as we waited for the labor to progress and then quickly disappeared altogether when the baby began having decelerations in it’s heart rate.  The doctor began making preparations and the birth was expedited.  Rather than wait for the labor to progress as it would normally, my wife was instructed to push with all she had to get that baby out.  Quickly afterwards, the baby (a girl!) was born, and just as quickly was taken to a warming table to be intubated and have her lungs and stomach suctioned and checked.

It turns out that sometime in the weeks leading up to her birth, she had *ahem* pooed in her amniotic sac.  To the medical world, it’s called Meconium.  And it’s pretty bad.  It affects the lungs in that it acts as a stopper for the little sacs that do the oxygen intake.  It also acts as an irritant to the lungs that can lead to infections.  It can be very serious, and can take days, or weeks, or months to completely clear out.

In our case, luckily or not, our little girl was able to kick it in a week.  Pretty average recovery time we’re told.  Now, she’s home and all is well.  There won’t be any lasting effects and we shouldn’t be able to tell the difference.

calculator stethoscopeHere’s where the benefits of an emergency fund come in.  For that week that our little girl was in the hospital, the last thing we wanted to think about was bills, work, or anything not related to the well-being of that precious baby.  We had friends watch our dogs, and my wife’s mother came up for a couple of days to watch our son.  And we spent as much time as we could watching our little girl fight the fight in an incubator.

We didn’t have time to balance our check book, or check our budget to make sure we were within bounds on something.  And now that it’s all over, I can honestly say that if we hadn’t had an emergency fund, it would have been much, much worse.

One of the touted benefits of an emergency fund is the peace of mind that it affords you.  When you know that you have that money to fall back on in an emergency, your mind is free to worry about the things that it should be.  In this case, it was our daughter.  Maybe it would be the car you just wrecked or the house that just burned down.  No matter what the emergency is, you know that you’ve got that extra cushion of money to help pay any bills or expenses that might come up.

I cannot tell you how wonderful it was to not have to worry about that during the week that she was in the hospital.  We certainly didn’t expect to have any problems, but we did.  You may not expect any problems, but they can happen.  If you’ve been putting off the funding of your own emergency fund, don’t wait any longer.  We’re glad we didn’t.  You never know when you’ll need it.

Photo Credit: forwardcom @ sxc.hu